{"id":9872,"date":"2017-06-14T08:00:22","date_gmt":"2017-06-14T12:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/irpp.org\/research-studies\/en-fr\/"},"modified":"2022-02-25T17:44:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-25T22:44:42","slug":"unfinished-business-pension-reform-in-canada","status":"publish","type":"research-studies","link":"https:\/\/irpp.org\/fr\/research-studies\/unfinished-business-pension-reform-in-canada\/","title":{"rendered":"Unfinished Business: Pension Reform in Canada"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir \u00e0 l\u2019automne 2015, le gouvernement lib\u00e9ral a fait d\u2019importantes modifications aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments du syst\u00e8me de revenu de retraite (SRR) g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00c9tat. Il a ainsi r\u00e9tabli \u00e0\u00a065\u00a0ans l\u2019\u00e2ge d\u2019admissibilit\u00e9 aux prestations de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la vieillesse (SV) et du Suppl\u00e9ment de revenu garanti (SRG), relev\u00e9 le plafond des prestations du SRG pour les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es seules et convenu avec les provinces d\u2019accro\u00eetre d\u00e8s 2019 les prestations du R\u00e9gime de pensions du Canada (RPC).<\/p>\n<p>Chacune de ces modifications contribue \u00e0 l\u2019un ou l\u2019autre des deux objectifs cl\u00e9s du SSR\u2008: minimiser les risques de pauvret\u00e9 chez les a\u00een\u00e9s et favoriser le maintien du niveau de vie qu\u2019ils avaient avant la retraite. Mais consid\u00e9r\u00e9es dans leur ensemble, elles sont probl\u00e9matiques et restent incompl\u00e8tes, montrent Bob Baldwin et Richard Shillington dans cette \u00e9tude.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/infographic1-study-no64.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8449\" src=\"https:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/infographic1-study-no64.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/infographic1-study-no64.png 800w, https:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/infographic1-study-no64-300x252.png 300w, https:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/infographic1-study-no64-768x645.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ces modifications posent probl\u00e8me \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 l\u2019interaction des prestations du RPC avec certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments du SRR et du r\u00e9gime fiscal. C\u2019est ainsi que la hausse des prestations du RPC b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiera peu aux salari\u00e9s ayant un revenu inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 du salaire moyen, puisqu\u2019elle sera r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9e pour l\u2019essentiel par le biais de l\u2019imp\u00f4t sur le revenu ainsi que des r\u00e9ductions du SRG et d\u2019autres avantages sociaux \u00e9tablis en fonction du revenu. Elles auront toutefois une incidence fiscale positive \u00e0 long terme, puisqu\u2019elles entra\u00eeneront une r\u00e9duction des d\u00e9penses li\u00e9es au SRG et \u00e0 d\u2019autres programmes de m\u00eame qu\u2019une augmentation des recettes fiscales f\u00e9d\u00e9rales et provinciales.<\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9forme est cependant incompl\u00e8te, car elle ne tient pas compte des tendances actuelles du march\u00e9 du travail, qui ont pourtant un effet majeur sur le fonctionnement du SRR.<\/p>\n<p>Globalement, elle fait l\u2019impasse sur les enjeux cl\u00e9s suivants\u2008:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La faible croissance de la population active fera augmenter les salaires r\u00e9els moyens et r\u00e9duira la valeur relative de remplacement du revenu de la SV, car les prestations sont index\u00e9es sur les prix plut\u00f4t que les salaires. Pour les salari\u00e9s \u00e0 faible revenu, la valeur accrue de remplacement du revenu du RPC risque ainsi d\u2019\u00eatre neutralis\u00e9e par la moindre valeur de remplacement de la SV\u2008!<\/li>\n<li>Les divergences grandissantes en ce qui concerne l\u2019\u00e2ge d\u2019entr\u00e9e sur le march\u00e9 du travail tout comme l\u2019\u00e2ge de d\u00e9part \u00e0 la retraite soul\u00e8vent d\u2019\u00e9pineuses questions d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 sur l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019\u00e2ge chronologique pour \u00e9tablir l\u2019admissibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la SV, au SRG et au RPC.<\/li>\n<li>Si l\u2019on maintient ce crit\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e2ge chronologique, quel serait l\u2019\u00e2ge appropri\u00e9 compte tenu de l\u2019allongement de l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie et de la tendance aux retraites tardives\u2008?<\/li>\n<li>Ces diverses tendances soul\u00e8vent aussi des pr\u00e9occupations au sujet des d\u00e9sincitations au travail int\u00e9gr\u00e9es au SRG et \u00e0 d\u2019autres programmes \u00e9tablis en fonction du revenu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sur ce dernier point, Baldwin et Shillington insistent sur l\u2019importance d\u2019une r\u00e9vision globale des chevauchements d\u2019imp\u00f4ts et des taux de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration fiscale associ\u00e9s \u00e0 plusieurs programmes de prestations \u00e9tablis en fonction du revenu, puisqu\u2019ils amoindrissent l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat d\u2019\u00e9pargner en vue de la retraite pour les salari\u00e9s \u00e0 faible revenu et l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de rester sur le march\u00e9 du travail pour les salari\u00e9s \u00e2g\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Ces modifications au SRR ont laiss\u00e9 beaucoup de questions en suspens, et il faudra une approche globale et prospective de la r\u00e9forme des pensions pour les traiter efficacement.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/infographic2-study-no64.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8450\" src=\"https:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/infographic2-study-no64.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/infographic2-study-no64.png 800w, https:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/infographic2-study-no64-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/infographic2-study-no64-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le programme d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des prestations du RPC annonc\u00e9 en juin 2016 offrira peu d\u2019avantages aux salari\u00e9s \u00e0 faible revenu, et ne tient pas compte des r\u00e9percussions des changements d\u00e9mographiques et de l\u2019\u00e9volution du march\u00e9 du travail sur le syst\u00e8me de revenu de retraite.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":8268,"template":"","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[819,774],"class_list":["post-9872","research-studies","type-research-studies","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured-research-study-fr","tag-economy-fr","tag-pension-plan-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.7 - 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